Publications
Acknowledgement
This work was funded by the Grant N00014-21-1-2296 (Fatima Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative) of the Office of Naval Research, administered by the Marine Meteorology and Space Program.
Journal Publications
2026
Dorman, C., Kim, J-H., Koracin, D., Dimitrova, R., and Fernando, H.J.S., An Anatomy of Fog over Nova Scotia under a Ridge on 8 September 2021, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, In Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70139.
Dorman, C., Koracin, D., Gultepe, I., Hoch, S., Ruis-Plancarte, J., Wang, Q. and Fernando, H.J.S., The role of the synoptic scale conditions in driving fog and mist during the FATIMA July 2022 Sable Island Field Program, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, DOI: 10.1002/qj.70231
Giacosa, G., Robinson, L., Ortiz-Suslow, D., Yamaguchi, R., Creegan, E., Gauvin-Bourdon, P., Sahelpoo, L., VandenBoer, T. Wang, Q., Fernando, H.J.S., and Chang, R., Microphysics and interactions of aerosols and fog on the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, e70165. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70165
Grachev, A., Fernando, H.J.S., Bardoel S.L., Randall, R.M., Hocut, C.M., Creegan, E., and Leo, L.S., Structure-Function Parameters over Different Surface Footprints in Coastal Zones, Boundary Layer Meteorology, 192:29, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-026-00969-6.
Kim, Jeonghoe, Kim, Jung-Hoon, Dorman, C. and Fernando, H.J.S., Numerical Simulation of a sea fog event over Eastern Yellow Sea with a transition of air-sea temperature difference, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Accepted (QJ-24-0176).
Lee, Jae-yong, Chan, Kyung-Il, Kim, Kyung Man, Gultepe, Ismail, Fernando, Harindra J.S. Evolution of Sea Fog Based on Meteorological and Oceanographic Observations during FATIMA Yellow Sea Campaign, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Accepted (QJ-25-0008).
Lee, S., Gultepe, I., Fernando, H.J.S. Gaberšek, S., Lenain, L., Wang, Q., Pardyjak, E., Creegan, E.D., Dorman, C., Lozovatsky, I., Ortiz-Suslow, D.G., Ruiz-Plancarte, J., Yamaguchi, R., Gultepe, E., Hoch, S., Perelet, A., Singh, D., Cha, J-W., Shen, L., Barve, A., Dowling, A., Wang, S., Giacosa, G., Grare, L., Taylor, P., Chen, Z., Chang, R. Y.-W., Teeloku, P., Gapp, N., Lee, S.-W., Jeong, J-M., Kim, H-J., Jeong, J-Y., Heo, K-Y., Kim, M., Park, M-S., Oh, K-H., Park, J-S., Jeon, D-C., Song, K-M., Kim, J-Y., Jung, D., Chang, K.I., Lee, J.-H., Kim, K.M., Yu, D., Yum, S-C., Heymsfield, A.J., Agelin-Chaab, M., Goo, T-Y., Ryu, D-G., 2025: A review of FATIMA Yellow Sea field campaign research Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, QJ-24-0380. In Press. DOI: 10.1002/qj.70157
Salehpoor, Leyla, Crilley, Leigh R., Giacosa, Gianina, Chang, Rachel Y.W., Ortiz-Suslow, David G., Wang, Qing, Creegan, Edward, Fernando, Harindra J.S., and VandenBoer, Trevor C., Microphysical chemistry of fog-aerosol interactions over the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Fatima 2022, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, , e70162. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70162
2025
Bardoel, S.L., Cheng, S., Chamorro, L., and Fernando, H.J.S., Gravity Currents past Thin Two-Dimensional Obstacles, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1012, 10 June 2025, A15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.412
Barve, A., Gultepe, I., Fernando, H.J.S., Wang, Q., and Shen, L., "Large-Eddy Simulation with Lagrangian Cloud Modeling and Large-Scale Dynamics (L3) for Studying the Marine Fog Lifecycle, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 151:e5022. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5022
de Orla-Barile, Marian,, Leila M. V. Carvalho; Gert-Jan Duine; Charles Jones; Stephan F.J. De Wekker; Joseph Fernando; Griffin Modjeski; Craig Clements; Daisuke Seto; William Brown; Dave Gomberg; Ryan Kittell; Alan Murray. Insights on the Spatiotemporal Variability of Downslope Winds in Coastal Santa Barbara: Insights from the Sundowner Winds Experiment (SWEX)" Monthly Weather Review, 153(12), 2635–2649, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-25-0015.1
Dimitrova, R.N., , Fernando, H.J.S., Silver, S.,, Bardoel, S.L., Dorman, C.E., Koračin, D., Vladimirov, E., Giani, P., Study of a Mixing Fog Event using WRF-LES Numerical Simulations, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Volume151, Issue768 Part A, e4928 (2025), https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4928.
Fernando, H.J.S., Dorman, C.E., Pardyjak, E., Shen, L., Wang, Q., Creegan, E., Gaberšek, S., Gultepe, I., Hoch, S.W., Lenain, L., Richter, D.H., Chang, R., VandenBoer, T., Bardoel, S., Barve, A., Blomquist, B., Bullock, T., Chen, Z., Colosi, L., Coppersmith, R.S., Crawford, I., Crilley, L.R., Dimitrova, R., Dowling, A., Eleuterio, D., Fiorino, S., Gallagher, M., Gapp, N., Giacosa, G., Grachev, A., Grare, L., Hintz, T., Hocut, C., Huang, K.Y., Hyde, O., Keefer, K., Ortiz-Suslow, D., Perelet, A., Perrie, W., Ruiz-Plancarte, J., Salehpoor, L., Singh, D., Statom, N., Taylor, P., Wang, S., and Yamaguchi, R. 2025. Fatima-GB: Searching Clarity within Marine Fog. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 106(6), E971–E1016 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0050.1
Fernando, H.J.S., Dorman, C.E., Pardyjak, E., Shen, L., Wang, Q., Creegan, E., Gaberšek, S., Gultepe, I., Hoch, S.W., Lenain, L., Richter, D.H., Chang, R., VandenBoer, T., Bardoel, S., Barve, A., Blomquist, B., Bullock, T., Chen, Z., Colosi, L., Coppersmith, R.S., Crawford, I., Crilley, L.R., Dimitrova, R., Dowling, A., Eleuterio, D., Fiorino, S., Gallagher, M., Gapp, N., Giacosa, G., Grachev, A., Grare, L., Hintz, T., Hocut, C., Huang, K.Y., Hyde, O., Keefer, K., Ortiz-Suslow, D., Perelet, A., Perrie, W., Ruiz-Plancarte, J., Salehpoor, L., Singh, D., Statom, N., Taylor, P., Wang, S., and Yamaguchi, R. 2025. Deep Diving into Marine Fog: Grand Banks Field Project Seeks to Clear Up Its Complex Lifecycle, Bulletin American Meteorological Society, 106(7), July 2025 Issue, 423-429. For the full, citable article, see https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0050.1
Formby-Fernandez, A., Lenain, L., Pizzo, N, Dorman,C and Shang-Ping Xie: "Spatial and temporal structure of the fog life cycle over Atlantic Canada and the Grand Banks" Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society, 151 (769), . April 2025 Part B, e4953, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4953
Gaberšek, S., Gapp, N.,Bardoel, S., Fernando, H.J.S., Ruiz-Plancarte, J., Ortiz-Suslow, D., Wang, Q., Pardyjak, E., Hoch, S., Gultepe, I., Dorman, C., Creegan, E., and Taylor, P., Fog clearing in the lee of an isolated, flat island: A fog shadow, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (In Press), https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5057.
Ortiz-Suslow, D., Ruiz-Plancarte, J., Kalogiros, J., Yamaguchi, R., Fernando, H.J.S., Creegan, E., Pardyjak, E., Gaberšek, S., Wang, Q., A Case Study of Boundary Layer Development Downstream of a Small, Remote Island, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,151(768), e4929.. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4929
Rowe, K., Ruiz-Plancarte, Yamaguchi, R., Ortiz-Suslow, Pardyjak, E., Gultepe, I, Fernando, H.J.S., and Wang. Q., Thermodynamic and Microphysical Properties of Summertime Marine Fog Observed from Sable Island, Submitted to Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, e7009, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70098.
2024
Barbano, F. and E.R. Pardyjak, Potential-temperature variance budget in a saturated coastal-fog environment, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 150 (764), 4511-4532 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4827
Bardoel, S., Hoch, S., Ruiz-Placarte, J., Lenain, L., Gultepe, I., Grachev, A., Gaberšek, S., Wang, Q., Fernando, H.J.S., Study of fog dissipation in an internal boundary layer on Sable Island. Q. Jour. Roy. Met. Soc., 151, 766, e-4891, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4891
Gultepe, E., Sen Wang, Byron Walter Blomquist, Harindra J S Fernando, O Patrick Kreidl, David J 9.Delene and Ismail Gultepe, Machine Learning Analysis and Nowcasting of Marine Fog Visibility Using FATIMA Grand-Banks Campaign Measurements, Frontiers in Earth Science, 11:1321422, 2024, doi: 10.3389/feart.2023.1321422
Hintz, T., Huang, K., Hoch, S., Bardoel, S., Gaberšek, S., Gultepe, I., Ruiz-Plancarte, J., Pardyjak, E., Wang, Q., and Fernando, H.J.S., A Mechanism for Coastal Fog Genesis at Evening Transition, Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society, 150 (762), 2727-2743. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4732
Koracin, D., Dorman, C., and Fernando, H.J.S., Frontal effects on the rapid formation of a deep layer of marine fog and cloud in the NW Atlantic, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 150(765), 4820–4837. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4843.
Lozovatsky, I., Escauriaza, C., Suarez, L., Fernando, H.J.S., Coppersmith, R.S., Williams, M., Mayorga, N., "A Snapshot of Marine Turbulence in the Northeastern Strait of Magellan” Ocean Dynamics.74, 459-469 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-024-01613-y
Rodriguez-Geno, C.F., Richter, D.H., 2024: The role of collision and coalescence on the microphysics of marine fog, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 150 (764), 4580-4593. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4831
Singh, D. K., S.W. Hoch, I. Gultepe, and E.R. Pardyjak, 2023: A case study of the life cycle of a stratus-lowering coastal fog event in Newfoundland, CA, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 150 (759), 641-662 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4615.
Suarez, L., Guerra, M., Williams, M.E., Escauriaza, C., Lozovatsky, I., Coppersmith, R.S., Fernando, H.J.S., Flow Characterization and Turbulence in the Eastern Section of the Strait of Magellan, Southern Chile, Continental Shelf Research, Volume 283, 105344, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2024.105344.
2023
Fernando, H.J.S., Wang, S., Huang, K., and Creegan, E., 2023: Fog-Laden Density Staircases in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 23, 489-510, https://doi.org/10.1007/
Grachev, A., Fairall, C.W., Blomquist, B.W., Fernando, H.J.S., Leo, L.S., Otárola-Bustos, S.F., Wilczak, J.M., and McCaffrey, K.L., 2023: A Hybrid Bulk Algorithm to Predict Turbulent Fluxes over Dry and Wet Bare Soils, Applied Meteorology Climatology, 61(4), 393-414. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-
Huang, K.Y., Katul, G.G., Hintz, T.J., Ruiz-Plancarte, J., Wang, Q., and Fernando, H.J.S., 2023: Fog Intermittency and Critical Behavior, Atmosphere, 14(5), 875, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/
Kit, E. and Fernando, H.J.S., 2023:Small-scale anisotropy in stably stratified turbulence; Inferences based on katabatic flows, 2023, 14(6), 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/
Krishnamurthy, R., Fernando, H.J.S., Alappattu, D., Creegan, E., and Wang. Q., 2023: Observations and Models of offshore Internal Boundary Layer, J. Geophys. Res. (Atmospheres), Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128, e2022JD037425. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2022
Huang, K.Y., and Katul, G.G. 2022: Profiles of high-order moments of longitudinal velocity explained by the random sweeping decorrelation hypothesis. Phys. Rev. Fluids. 7(4), 044603. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.7.044603
Li, X., S. Zhang, D. Koračin, L. Yi, X. Zhang, 2022: Atmospheric conditions conducive to marine fog over the northeast Pacific in winters 1979-2019. Frontiers in Earth Sciences, 10:942846. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.942846.
2021
Chen, C., Zhang, M., Perrie, W., Chang, R., Gultepe, I., Fernando, H. J. S., & Chen, X., 2021: A case study: Evaluation of PAFOG one-D model with advection in simulations of fog/stratus from C-FOG experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2021JD034812. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034812
Kit, E., Barami, E., and Fernando, H.J.S., Structure functions in nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer turbulence, Physical Review Fluids, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.6.084605
Reports
2025
FATIMA annual report 2025 [OTHER, 2MB]
FATIMA interim progress report 2025 [PDF, 4MB]
2024
Fatima program report for FY2024 [PDF, 3MB]
Fatima quad chart for 2024 [PDF, 162k]
2023
2022
C-FOG Publications
Relevant Collaborator Publications
Taylor, P. A., Chen, Z., Cheng, L., Afsharian, S., Weng, W., Isaac, G. A., Bullock, T. W., and Chen, Y.: Surface deposition of marine fog and its treatment in the WRF model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14687–14702, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14687-2021
Taylor, P. A.: Constant Flux Layers with Gravitational Settling: with links to aerosols, fog and deposition velocities over water, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-594, in review, 2021.
Cheng, L., Chen, Z., Taylor, P., Chen, Y. and Isaac, G.: Fog over Sable Island, https://bulletin.cmos.ca/fog-over-sable-island, June 21, 2021
Book Chapters
Gultepe, I., Fernando, H.J.S., and C. Dorman, Fog Observations and Forecasting. In: Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Third Edition, Chapter 1013. Elsevier Publishing, In Press, 2024. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences (Second Edition), Editor(s): Gerald R. North, John Pyle, Fuqing Zhang, Academic Press, Pages 180e188, 2024. ISBN 9780123822253, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382225-3.00152-3.
PhD Theses
Stef Bardoel: The Lifecycle of Marine Fog in the Coastal Zone, PhD Thesis, March 20, 2024 (134 pages)
Chen, Z. Marine And Coastal Fog: Forecasts and Evaluations. York University, Toronto, Canada. 2025-04-07, 141pp
Anne Dowling, The Role of Ocean Boundary Mixing in Coastal Fog Genesis, University of Notre Dame, PhD Thesis, University of Notre Dame, 24 April, April (144 pages)
Sen Wang: Field and Numerical Investigation of Moist Thermodynamical Structure of Marine Fog, PhD Thesis, March 18, 2024 (97 pages)